Logical Fallacy Overview & No True Scotsman, and Exorcism in the Catholic Church
Recorded on 12 May 2019: Topics Critical Thinking: Cognitive Biases & Errors: Fallacy: No True Scotsman and Exorcism in the Catholic Church
Segment 1: Logical Fallacy Overview & No True Scotsman
- Georgia councilman complains about interracial marriage while defending mayor’s racist statement, Zack Ford, Think Progress, 06 May 2019
https://thinkprogress.org/hoschton-georgia-mayor-racial-discrimination-job-candidate-racism-d4f8eca3ea9b/amp/
- @SkepticHeads (Skeptic Heads) “‘I’m a Christian and my Christian beliefs are you don’t do interracial marriage’. Since this bigotry is based on religious ideology, recent #ReligiousFreedom legislation suggests it’s perfectly legal for this person to discriminate based on race, right? http://ow.ly/54N650u2dJR“, Twitter, 08 May 2019, 14:55
https://twitter.com/SkepticHeads/status/1126244168492298241
- @stumpycheese816 (Brandon Hall) “An actual Christian isn’t against interracial marriage. Only racists are against interracial marriage.”, Twitter, 08 May 2019, 22:26
https://twitter.com/stumpycheese816/status/1126357638252568577
- @SkepticHeads (Skeptic Heads) “Well, the ‘No True Scotsman’ fallacy aside, both the religious and non-religious can be bigots. But, it’s the religious who use their sacred ideology to justify their bigotry. It’s not me saying saying that Christianity and interracial marriage don’t mix, it’s the Christian.”, Twitter, 09 May 2019, 17:01
https://twitter.com/SkepticHeads/status/1126638311148097536
- List of fallacies, Wikipedia, accessed 11 May 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies
- Fallacies, Hans Hansen, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/fallacies/
- No true Scotsman, Wikipedia, accessed 11 May 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_true_Scotsman
- Antony Flew, Wikipedia, accessed 11 May 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Flew
- No True Scotsman, Rational Wiki, accessed 11 May 2019
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/No_True_Scotsman
- The No-True-Scotsman Fallacy, The Fallacy Files, accessed 11 May 2019
https://www.fallacyfiles.org/scotsman.html
- The “No true Scotsman” fallacy and the problem of identity, Michael Marten, The Critical Religion Association, 08 Dec 2014
https://criticalreligion.org/2014/12/08/the-no-true-scotsman-fallacy-and-the-problem-of-identity/
- Atheism and the no true Scotsman fallacy, Conservapedia, accessed 11 May 2019
https://www.conservapedia.com/Atheism_and_the_no_true_Scotsman_fallacy
- MLA Citation Guide (8th Edition): Social Media, Columbia College, Vancouver BC, Canada, accessed 11 May 2019
http://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/mla/socialmedia
Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing and evaluating truth claims that is grounded in logically valid arguments, sound reasoning, appropriate standards of evidence, and a pragmatic understanding of cognitive errors and biases; and the ability to apply these to the systematic analysis of problems in order to obtain credible solutions.
- Reasoning & Arguments
Recognizing and evaluating arguments, which are composed of a set of premises and conclusions; Deductive vs Inductive vx Abductive reasoning, prepositional logic, valid arguments, sound arguments, formal and informal fallacies, hidden or unstated premises, etc.
- E08: Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive Reasoning
- Evidence
Evidence is that which justifies belief, or what is reasonable for one to believe. Consideration of evidence includes the nature of evidence, evidence criteria, evaluating sources and context, relevance to the argument, degree of support for the argument, etc.
- E05: Evaluating Resources and Identification of Trusted Resources
- Cognitive Biases & Errors
Cognitive biases are tendencies to think in certain ways that can lead to systematic deviations from a standard of rationality or good judgment. Examples include decision-making, belief, and behavioral biases such as Backfire Effect, Confirmation Bias, Dunning-Kreuger Effect, Pareidolia, Stereotyping, etc; social biases such as Authority Biase, In-Group Bias, Just-World Hypothesis; memory errors and biases such as False Memory, Hind-Sight Bias, Suggestibility, etc.; and psychological effects such as the Placebo Effect, McGurk Effect, inattentional blindness, etc
- E15: Logical Fallacy Overview & Fallacies: No True Scotsman
- Problem Solving
The ability to apply reasoning & arguments, the appropriate evaluation of facts and evidence, and the pragmatic understanding of cognitive errors and biases to the systematic analysis of problems in order to obtain credible solutions
- E03: Unsolvable Exam Question
Segment 2: Exorcism in the Catholic Church
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